Printing Techniques Used in the Printing Press
The printing press, believed to have first emerged in Japan, has traces dating back to the 8th century. The first known printed work is considered to be Buddhist texts printed by the Japanese Empress Shotoko using only the Chinese alphabet. The first printing using individual cast letters was carried out by the Chinese, and Pi Sheng, who used porcelain letters, played a significant role in the development of the printing industry between 960 and 1297. The first person to use metal letters for this purpose was Johann Gutenberg, who is considered the inventor of the modern printing press. Printing, which passed from the Chinese to the Uyghurs, only began to develop in Europe in the 15th century. The technology developed by Gutenberg spread rapidly, but although this development slowed down due to soldiers under the Archbishop of Nassau raiding printing presses at the time, the printers who dispersed to various European countries as a result of the raids actually led to the faster expansion of printing. In our country, the printing press was first established in 1726 by the Turkish printer İbrahim Müteferrika, with a delay of 200 years.
The Importance of the Printing Press in Our Daily Lives
Despite technological advancements in our rapidly developing world, which sees new innovations every day, printing presses still maintain their importance. The main activities of printing presses include the printing of books and newspapers we read, as well as advertising materials and invitations. Although the book-reading habit in Turkey is very low, the printing industry continues to grow due to the large population. All printed products come to life in the hands of printers, which increases the importance of printing. One of the most important aspects of the printing industry is the quality of the print. Different printing machines and techniques are used for this purpose. The continuous technological renewal of these techniques and devices causes printers to be in constant competition. In addition to the letterpress method, which is no longer widely used today, offset printing, anagram printing, pad printing, hologram printing, gravure printing, and screen printing methods are used.
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